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Parallel and orthogonal watermarks Watermarks having a readable line like "Crown + CA" or "PTM" can have this line running parallel the direction of paper OR making an angle of 90 degrees with it. The first stamps of the Federation of Malaya issued in 1957 and printed in recess plus offset-litho by DLR had probably several printings as witnessed by the use of TWO different watermarks. The design of the watermark always in a position that the "line" was upright and readably. However, when we look at the direction of paper we easily can tell that both a parallel and an orthogonal watermark was used. Parallel watermark:
No 30c found yet |
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And the orthogonal watermarks:
No 12c found yet |
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All above stamps are presented in such a manner that the direction of paper runs horizontally. The twill weave of the stamps with parallel watermark is clearly visible, whereas that of the stamps with an orthogonal watermark is NOT visible but for the 30c!
This is conform with what I noticed in the 1957 recess printed definitives of all the separate states. More about this in due course. |
